Island Microgrid VF Node

How does a microgrid work?

When connected to the grid, the microgrid's frequency and power are functions of the main grid and only need to be controlled for the power of the units, but on islands, the microgrid's frequency and voltage fluctuate need an independent control 3, 4.

What is a GA-Ann microgrid?

The GA-ANN is used to control the frequency of a microgrid in an island mode to automatically adjust and optimize the coefficients of a PI-controller. The proposed PI-controller is located in the frequency control secondary loop of an island microgrid.

Can a PSO-based Ann control a microgrid?

A load frequency control using a PSO-based ANN for micro-grids in the presence of electric vehicles. Int. J. Ambient Energy 42 (6), 688–700 (2021). Mahrouch, A. & Ouassaid, M. Primary frequency regulation based on deloaded control, ANN, and 3D-fuzzy logic controller for hybrid autonomous microgrid. Technol. Econ. Smart Grids Sustain.

What is the control structure of a Islanded mg?

The control of the islanded MG must guarantee the stability of both frequency and voltage, economically efficient operation, and synchronization with the main grid. These control actions have different time scales and objectives, which demands a hierarchical control structure.

What is the basis of stability in a microgrid?

The basis of stability in the microgrid was based on controllable resources. In these sources, the more accurate, robust, and practical the control process used, the more it improves the stability of the microgrid. For this purpose, different control levels are used sequentially in a microgrid.

Which controllers are used in a microgrid?

In 8, 9, controllers based on PI control and proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) have been used. In 10 the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and in 9 the spider social behavior (SSO) algorithm is used to optimize the PID control parameters in the microgrid.